Optimization of callus induction and regeneration system for Pakistani wheat cultivars Kohsar and Khyber-87

Wheat is a member of family Poaceae. It is the major staple food of Pakistan. The present study was done to improve the regeneration of two commercially grown wheat varieties Kohsar and Khyber-87.Mature embryos were used as explants. Five different concentrations of 2,4-D; 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5 and 4 mg/L were used for callus induction. For regeneration, initially different concentrations (0.1 to 0.2) of IAA(indole-3-acetic acid) and BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) were experimented. The best combination of these hormones that is, 0.1 mg/L IAA and 0.5 mg/L BAP were further subjected to experimentation along with different concentrations of kinetin; 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 1 mg/L. Maximum calli of Kohsar (83.3%) was obtained at 3 mg/L 2,4-D whereas for Khyber-87 maximum callus induction (71.70%) was obtained at 3.5 mg/l 2,4-D. The maximum regeneration of both Kohsar and Khyber-87 (80.5 and 62.2%, respectively) were obtained at the combinations of 0.1 mg/L IAA, 0.5 mg/L BAP and 0.5 mg/L kinetin

Modeling and simulation of thermoelectric generator (TEG) performance parameters evaluation

Nowadays, thermoelectric module is widely used for industrial application to produce electricity energy from wasted heat energy. This paper discusses thermoelectric generator (TEG) modeling and simulation to attain improvement. There are several methods to model the thermoelectric generator: finite element method (FEM) model, circuit equivalent model and mathematical/computer model. In order to perform FEM modeling analysis, any engineer should acquire high level of knowledge in material engineering. Circuit equivalent model is using electrical circuit analogy to describe heat transfer and electrical behavior in TEG. In this work, mathematical derivation from circuit equivalent model is used in computer model by using Simulink (Matlab). The result from computer model is an alternative model for electrical or electronics engineers to study and doing future improvements on TEG performance

Green Banking Concepts in Qur'an Review

This study aims to describe the concept of Green Banking in the review of the Qur'an through the approach of Ijmali and Maudhu's interpretation method as its analysis knife. Content analysis is carried out on the verses that are specifically chosen on the basis of their association with the term fasad in the category of environmental damage namely Surah Al-Baqarah [2]: 205 and Surah Ar-Rum [30]: 41. This is because the beginning of the concept of green banking emerged due to environmental damage ,. The research findings revealed from the two verses that it was found that the meaning of damage meant in essence was natural damage (both physical and non-physical) due to anthropogenic factors. Islamic banking in the provision of financing must prioritize projects that are pro-environment and pay attention to aspects of sustainability, both economic, socio-cultural environment or known as Triple P (People, Planet and Profit) with the principles of fairness, balance, benefit, economical and avoid the tyranny

Estabilidad oxidativa y composición del aceite de semillas de comino negro, irradiadas con microondas, en condiciones de oxidación acelerada

The present work evaluated the impact of microwave pre-treatment on the storage stability, fatty acids and triacylglycerol contents in black cumin seed oil (BCO) during storage at 62 ºC. During storage, the oxidative indicator values (free acidity, peroxide value, p-anisidine value, TOTOX, specific extinctions and thiobarbituric acid) for the oils increased faster in untreated oil samples than in the microwaved samples. The degradation rate of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and triacylglycerol species (LLL and OLL) during storage were higher in untreated samples compared to treated ones, indicating that oxidation proceeded more slowly in the treated samples. During storage, the generation of hydroperoxides, their degradation and the formation of secondary oxidation products as investigated by FTIR, were lower in the treated oils. In conclusion, microwave pre-treatment prior to oil extraction reduced the oxidative degradation of oil samples, thereby increasing the storage stability of BCO.En el presente trabajo se evaluó el impacto del pretratamiento de las semillas de comino negro con microondas sobre la estabilidad durante el almacenamiento, los ácidos grasos y las especies de triacilgliceroles del aceite de las semillas de comino negro (BCO) durante el almacenamiento a 62 ºC. Durante el almacenamiento de los aceites, los indicadores oxidativos (acidez libre, peróxidos, p-anisidina, TOTOX, extinciones específicas y ácido tiobarbitúrico) aumentaron más rápidamente en los aceites de semillas sin tratar que en los de las muestras tratadas con microondas. La degradación durante el almacenamiento de los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (PUFA) y las especies de triacilgliceroles (LLL y OLL) fue mayor en las muestras no tratadas en comparación con las tratadas, lo que indica que la oxidación avanzó más lentamente en las muestras tratadas. Durante el almacenamiento, la generación de hidroperóxidos, su degradación y la formación de productos de oxidación secundarios investigados por FTIR, fueron menores en los aceites tratados. En conclusión, el pretratamiento con microondas de las semillas antes de la extracción del aceite redujo la degradación oxidativa de los aceites, lo que aumentó la estabilidad de almacenamiento de BCO

Competition Kinetics: An Experimental Approach

In this chapter, free radical kinetics with the help of competition kinetics and some experimental results calculated by competition kinetics to find out the rate constant of reactive species (●OH, eaq−, ●H) with target compound, which is used by radiation chemists is briefly discussed. The competition kinetics method is well validated by taking ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and bezafibrate as example compounds. The bimolecular rate constants of hydroxyl radical, hydrate electron and hydrogen atom has been calculated for example solute species (ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and bezafibrate)

Pengembangan Model Peningkatan Kompetensi Pekerja Domestik Indonesia Di Malaysia

. ASEAN Economic Community is an ASEAN Economic Integration in free trade system all around ASEAN. Indonesia as one of ASEAN Country has a role to compete with other countries, but one of the problems is competitiveness issues. Unskilled domestic workers from Indonesia being the background of miscommunication, workers abuse and many criminality problems in Malaysia. But in fact, placing Indonesian domestic workers in other countries is the best solution to unemployment issues in Indonesia. This study aimed to analyze the problematic situations and create a model that may affect the competency strategies to increase the competitiveness of Indonesian domestic workers in Malaysia. Data from the experts was analyzed using Rich Picture and The House Model. The result showed that in planning the vision for five years term is needed to Enhancing the relevant Governmental Authorities, Establishing the individual reputation and Collaborating between Government and agencies involved. This strategies had been formulated to increase the human resource competencies with Competency-Based Training (CBT). Training and development conducted in Indonesia before placement in abroad is the ways to build workers\u27 quality and then could compete with domestic workers from the Philippines and other countries in Malaysia. The research findings are expected to have implications on government and institutions in the process competency based training models. The government was expected to make the findings as a reference for the Competency-Based Training (CBT) to Indonesian domestic workers fairly and effectively to support its competitiveness strategies

Prevalence of periapical lesions in non-endodontically and endodontically treated teeth in an urban Iraqi adult subpopulation : a retrospective CBCT analysis

This study aimed to assess the prevalence of apical periodontitis (AP) and its association with the presence/quality of root canal filling (RCF) and coronal restoration (CR) in Iraqi population. A total of 385 CBCT scans of patients (18-45) yrs. old wit

Superluminal light group velocity in tapered optical microfibers

Superluminal light group velocity was formerly reported in anomalous dispersion, nonlinear amplification of light pulse, high-gain lasers' cavities, and waveguides. Motivated by a recent observation of light acceleration in optical microfiber [1], the possibility of attaining the light group velocity exceeds its value in vacuum is investigated. The investigation of superluminal velocity is in tapered optical microfiber that has a radius decreases with propagation axis by a factor 10-3. Our results show the possibility of attaining superluminal group velocity in this microfiber at length of about 1080µm. At this length the instantaneous acceleration of light is found to be 13×1019 m/s2 which its corresponding Unruh temperature is 0.527K

Fusion Reaction Study of some Selected Halo Systems

التحدي في دراسة تفاعل الاندماج عندما تكون القذيفة عبارة عن نوى هالة غنية بالنيوترونات أو البروتونات هو آلية الاقتران بين القناة المرنة وقناة التفكك ، وبالتالي فإن الدافع من الحسابات الحالية هو تقدير أفضل معلمة اقتران لإدخال تأثير القنوات المقترنة لحساب مقطع الأندماج الكلي  وحاجز توزيع الأندماج  و متوسط الزخم الزاوي    للأنظمة 6He+206Pb, 8B+28Si, 11Be+209Bi, 17F+208Pb, 6He+238U, 8He+197Au and 15C+232Th باستخدام مقاربة الميكانيك الكمي. أنجِزَت الحسابات بإستعمال البرنامج الحاسوبي CC. قورِنَت الحسابات لمقطع الأندماج الكلي الميكانيك الكمي مع البيانات العَملية المُتوفرة لِكُل نظام، وجدَ إن حِسابات قَنوات الإقتران للميكانيك الكمي في توافق أكثر مع البيانات العملية.The challenge in studying fusion reaction when the projectile is neutron or proton rich halo nuclei is the coupling mechanism between the elastic and the breakup channel, therefore the motivation from the present calculations is to estimate the best coupling parameter to introduce the effect of coupled-channels for the calculations of the total cross section of the fusion  , the barrier distribution of the fusion   and the average angular momentum 〈L〉 for the systems 6He+206Pb, 8B+28Si, 11Be+209Bi, 17F+208Pb, 6He+238U, 8He+197Au and 15C+232Th using quantum mechanical approach.  A quantum Coupled-Channel Calculations are performed using CC code. The predictions of quantum mechanical approach are comparable with the measured data that is available. Above and below the Coulomb barrier, comparison of theoretical calculations of quantum mechanical with the relevant measured data demonstrates good agreement

Wound Healing Activities of Rafflesia Hasseltii Extract in Rats

The effects of topical application of Rafflesia hasseltii buds and flowers extract on the rate of wound healing and histology of healed wound were assessed. Four groups of adult male Sprague Dawley rats were experimentally wounded in the posterior neck area. A thin layer of blank placebo was applied topically to wounds of Group 1 rats. Wounds of experimental animals (Group 2 and 3) were treated with placebo containing 5% and 10% R. hasseltii buds extract, respectively. A thin layer of Intrasite gel was applied topically to wounds of Group 4 animals as reference. Macroscopically, wounds treated with placebo containing 5% and 10% R. hasseltii buds extract or Intrasite gel have been significantly accelerated the rate of wound healing compared to placebo-treated wounds. Histological analysis of healed wounds has confirmed this effect. Wounds treated with placebo containing 5%, 10% R. hasseltii buds extract or Intrasite gel showed markedly less scar width at wound enclosure and granulating tissue contained markedly more collagen and proliferating fibroblasts, but with the absence of inflammatory cells compared to wounds treated with blank placebo. In conclusion, the findings of increased rate of wound closure and contraction together with the histological findingssuggest that Rafflesia hasseltii buds extract is very effective in accelerating the wound healing process